Proteomics is often considered the next step in the study in the study of biological systems after genomics. It is much more complicated than genomics, mostly because while an organism's genome is rather constant, a proteome differs from a cell and constantly changes through its biochemical interactions with the genome and the environment. Proteomics is the analysis of the entire protein complement of a cell, tissue, or organism under a specific, defined set of conditions. In its present state, it is dependent on decades of technological and instrumental developments. These developments have included advances in mass spectrometry (MS) technology, protein fractionation techniques, bioinformatics, etc. The emergence of proteomics, the large-scale analysis of proteins, has been inspired by the realization that the final product of a gene is inherently more complex and closer to function than the gene itself. Shortfalls in the ability of bioinformatics to predict both the existence and function of genes have also illustrated the need for protein analysis. Moreover, only through the study of proteins can posttranslational modifications be determined, which can profoundly affect protein function. Proteomics is a rapidly emerging research area, and this book reviews recent developments in proteomics and compares them with current genomics technologies. The book is presented in a concise yet easy-to-understand style. The primary aim of this book is to present a succinct account of the essential features of proteins and proteomics in a form suitable for students. It is being prepared by keeping in view the requirements of the students and academic professionals.